“Hartnell's time machine” reprise: Further implications of zinc, lead and copper in the thumbnail of a Franklin expedition crewmember

Millar, K. and Bowman, A. W. (2017) “Hartnell's time machine” reprise: Further implications of zinc, lead and copper in the thumbnail of a Franklin expedition crewmember. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 13, pp. 286-290. (doi: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.03.046)

Abstract

Christensen et al. (2016) have described the application of synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence mapping, stable isotopic analysis and laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry to provide a unique and dynamic time scale of the concentration of metals in the thumbnail of John Hartnell who was a member of the 1845 British Royal Naval “Franklin expedition” which met a fatal end in the Arctic. Their finding of low levels of lead and zinc in Hartnell's thumbnail has questioned the supposed lead-poisoning of the crew and introduced a new hypothesis that zinc deficiency contributed to the loss of the expedition. It is proposed here that their innovative and intriguing hypothesis might be considered cautiously in light of uncertainty as to the reliability of nail as a biomarker of zinc deficiency and calculations that the Royal Navy's provisioning of its Arctic ships would have provided adequate dietary zinc. Whilst there may be difficulty in interpreting the absolute levels of zinc in the nail, the change in the levels over time may provide unique insights. It is agreed that exponential increases in levels of zinc, copper and lead seen in the weeks prior to Hartnell's death from pulmonary tuberculosis might reflect endogenous release of the metals due to tissue catabolism. It is further proposed that the increase in those metals also reflects the administration by the expedition's surgeons of lead, zinc and copper-containing medications which were widely used to relieve the distressing symptoms of tubercular disease.

• Item Type: Articles
• Status: Published
• Refereed: Yes
• Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID: Millar, Professor Keith and Bowman, Prof Adrian
• Authors: Millar, K., and Bowman, A. W.
• College/School: College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Health & Wellbeing > Mental Health and Wellbeing; College of Science and Engineering > School of Mathematics and Statistics > Statistics
• Journal Name: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 2352-409X
• ISSN (Online): 2352-409X
• Published Online: 04 April 2017
• Copyright Holders: Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd.
• First Published: First published in Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 13:286-290
• Publisher Policy: Reproduced in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher