The developing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for spinal cord injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood

Hulme, C.H., Brown, S.J., Fuller, H.R., Riddell, J. , Osman, A., Chowdhury, J., Kumar, N., Johnson, W.E. and Wright, K.T. (2017) The developing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for spinal cord injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Spinal Cord, 55(2), pp. 114-125. (doi: 10.1038/sc.2016.174) (PMID:27995945)

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Abstract

Study design: Review study. Objectives: The identification of prognostic biomarkers of spinal cord injury (SCI) will help to assign SCI patients to the correct treatment and rehabilitation regimes. Further, the detection of biomarkers that predict permanent neurological outcome would aid in appropriate recruitment of patients into clinical trials. The objective of this review is to evaluate the current state-of-play in this developing field. Setting: Studies from multiple countries were included. Methods: We have completed a comprehensive review of studies that have investigated prognostic biomarkers in either the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of animals and humans following SCI. Results: Targeted and unbiased approaches have identified several prognostic biomarkers in CSF and blood. These proteins associate with cellular damage following SCI and include components from neurons, oligodendrocytes and reactive astrocytes, that is, neurofilament proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, Tau and S100 calcium-binding protein β. Unbiased approaches have also identified microRNAs that are specific to SCI, as well as other cell damage-associated proteins. Conclusions: The discovery and validation of stable, specific, sensitive and reproducible biomarkers of SCI is a rapidly expanding field of research. So far, few studies have utilised unbiased approaches aimed at the discovery of biomarkers within the CSF or blood in this field; however, some targeted approaches have been successfully used. Several studies using various animal models and some with small human patient cohorts have begun to pinpoint biomarkers in the CSF and blood with putative prognostic value. An increased sample size will be required to validate these biomarkers in the heterogeneous clinical setting.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Riddell, Professor John
Authors: Hulme, C.H., Brown, S.J., Fuller, H.R., Riddell, J., Osman, A., Chowdhury, J., Kumar, N., Johnson, W.E., and Wright, K.T.
College/School:College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences > School of Psychology & Neuroscience
Journal Name:Spinal Cord
Publisher:Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:1362-4393
ISSN (Online):1476-5624
Published Online:20 December 2016
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited
First Published:First published in Spinal Cord 55(2): 114-125
Publisher Policy:Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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