Host–microbiome interactions in human type 2 diabetes following prebiotic fibre (galacto-oligosaccharide) intake

Pedersen, C. et al. (2016) Host–microbiome interactions in human type 2 diabetes following prebiotic fibre (galacto-oligosaccharide) intake. British Journal of Nutrition, 116(11), pp. 1869-1877. (doi: 10.1017/S0007114516004086) (PMID:27974055)

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Abstract

Aberrant microbiota composition and function have been linked to several pathologies, including type 2 diabetes. In animal models, prebiotics induce favourable changes in the intestinal microbiota, intestinal permeability (IP) and endotoxaemia, which are linked to concurrent improvement in glucose tolerance. This is the first study to investigate the link between IP, glucose tolerance and intestinal bacteria in human type 2 diabetes. In all, twenty-nine men with well-controlled type 2 diabetes were randomised to a prebiotic (galacto-oligosaccharide mixture) or placebo (maltodextrin) supplement (5·5 g/d for 12 weeks). Intestinal microbial community structure, IP, endotoxaemia, inflammatory markers and glucose tolerance were assessed at baseline and post intervention. IP was estimated by the urinary recovery of oral 51Cr-EDTA and glucose tolerance by insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test. Intestinal microbial community analysis was performed by high-throughput next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and quantitative PCR. Prebiotic fibre supplementation had no significant effects on clinical outcomes or bacterial abundances compared with placebo; however, changes in the bacterial family Veillonellaceae correlated inversely with changes in glucose response and IL-6 levels (r −0·90, P=0·042 for both) following prebiotic intake. The absence of significant changes to the microbial community structure at a prebiotic dosage/length of supplementation shown to be effective in healthy individuals is an important finding. We propose that concurrent metformin treatment and the high heterogeneity of human type 2 diabetes may have played a significant role. The current study does not provide evidence for the role of prebiotics in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Item Type:Articles
Status:Published
Refereed:Yes
Glasgow Author(s) Enlighten ID:Ijaz, Dr Umer
Authors: Pedersen, C., Gallagher, E., Horton, F., Ellis, R. J., Ijaz, U. Z., Wu, H., Jaiyeola, E., Diribe, O., Duparc, T., Cani, P. D., Gibson, G. R., Hinton, P., Wright, J., La Ragione, R., and Robertson, M. D.
College/School:College of Science and Engineering > School of Engineering > Infrastructure and Environment
Journal Name:British Journal of Nutrition
Publisher:Cambridge University Press
ISSN:0007-1145
ISSN (Online):1475-2662
Published Online:15 December 2016
Copyright Holders:Copyright © 2016 The Authors
First Published:First published in British Journal of Nutrition 116(11):1869-1877
Publisher Policy:Reproduced in accordance with the publisher copyright policy

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